![]() ![]() Example: "I suggested that Paul read books". A subjunctive mood exists in English, but appears to be falling out of common use many native English speakers do not use it. Examples include discussing hypothetical or unlikely events, expressing opinions or emotions, or making polite requests (the exact scope is language-specific). The subjunctive mood has several uses in independent clauses. In English, second-person is implied by the imperative except when first-person plural is specified, as in "Let's go." Many languages, including English, use the bare verb stem to form the imperative. In many circumstances, directly using the imperative mood seems blunt or even rude, so it is often used with care. The imperative mood expresses commands, direct requests, and prohibitions. Example: "Paul is reading books" or "Paul reads books". It is the most commonly used mood and is found in all languages. ![]() All intentions in speaking that a particular language does not put into another mood use the indicative. The indicative mood is used in factual statements. Some Uralic Samoyedic languages have over ten moods. Not every Indo-European language has each of these moods, but the most conservative ones such as Ancient Greek, and Sanskrit retain them all. The original Indo-European inventory of moods was indicative, subjunctive, optative, and imperative. Grammatical mood per se is not the same thing as grammatical tense or grammatical aspect, although these concepts are conflated to some degree in many languages, including English and most other modern Indo-European languages, insofar as the same word patterns are used to express more than one of these concepts at the same time.Ĭurrently identified moods include conditional, imperative, indicative, injunctive, negative, optative, potential, subjunctive, and more. Note, too, that the exact sense of each mood differs from language to language. Many languages express distinctions of mood through morphology, by changing (inflecting) the form of the verb.īecause modern English does not have all of the moods described below, and has a very simplified system of verb inflection as well, it is not straightforward to explain the moods in English. In linguistics, many grammars have the concept of grammatical mood, which describes the relationship of a verb with reality and intent. ![]()
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